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Nature Biotechnology

An engineered <i>E. coli</i> strain sustains intratumoral nitric oxide production to boost effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy

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Nature Biotechnology, Published online: 18 March 2026; doi:10.1038/s41587-026-03055-x An engineered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 strain carrying a synthetic arginine–nitric oxide (NO) circuit enables sustained intratumoral NO production that promotes vascular normalization and immune reprogramming. This reshaped tumor microenvironment synergizes with blockade of the immune checkpoint PD-L1 to reinvigorate CD8+ T cells and drive durable tumor regression in mouse models.

Nature Biotechnology, Published online: 18 March 2026;

doi:10.1038/s41587-026-03055-x

An engineered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 strain carrying a synthetic arginine–nitric oxide (NO) circuit enables sustained intratumoral NO production that promotes vascular normalization and immune reprogramming. This reshaped tumor microenvironment synergizes with blockade of the immune checkpoint PD-L1 to reinvigorate CD8+ T cells and drive durable tumor regression in mouse models.

— Source: Nature Biotechnology (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-026-03055-x)

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